RFC6114
Independent Submission M. Katagi Request for Comments: 6114 S. Moriai Category: Informational Sony Corporation ISSN: 2070-1721 March 2011
The 128-Bit Blockcipher CLEFIA
Abstract
This document describes the specification of the blockcipher CLEFIA. CLEFIA is a 128-bit blockcipher, with key lengths of 128, 192, and 256 bits, which is compatible with the interface of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The algorithm of CLEFIA was published in 2007, and its security has been scrutinized in the public community. CLEFIA is one of the new-generation lightweight blockcipher algorithms designed after AES. Among them, CLEFIA offers high performance in software and hardware as well as lightweight implementation in hardware. CLEFIA will be of benefit to the Internet, which will be connected to more distributed and constrained devices.
Status of This Memo
This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes.
This is a contribution to the RFC Series, independently of any other RFC stream. The RFC Editor has chosen to publish this document at its discretion and makes no statement about its value for implementation or deployment. Documents approved for publication by the RFC Editor are not a candidate for any level of Internet Standard; see Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6114.
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Contents
Introduction
Due to the widespread use of the Internet, devices with limited capabilities, e.g., wireless sensors, are connected to the network. In order to realize enough security for the network, cryptographic technologies suitable for such constrained devices are very important. This recent technology is called "lightweight cryptography", and the demand for lightweight cryptography is increasing.
In order to satisfy these needs, a 128-bit blockcipher, CLEFIA, was designed based on state-of-the-art techniques [FSE07]. CLEFIA is a 128-bit blockcipher, with key lengths of 128, 192, and 256 bits, which is compatible with the interface of AES [FIPS-197]. Since the cipher algorithm was published in 2007, its security has been scrutinized in the public community, but no security weaknesses have been reported so far.
CLEFIA is a lightweight blockcipher, since it can be implemented within 3 Kgates using a 0.13-um standard Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) library. Many of the lightweight cryptographic algorithms sacrifice security and/or speed; however, CLEFIA provides high-level security of 128, 192, and 256 bits and high performance in software and hardware. CLEFIA will be of benefit to the Internet, which will be connected to more distributed and resource-constrained devices.
CLEFIA is proposed in ISO/IEC 29192-2 [ISO29192-2] and the CRYPTREC project for the revision of the e-Government recommended ciphers list in Japan [CRYPTREC].
Further information about CLEFIA, including reference implementation, test vectors, and security and performance evaluation, is available from http://www.sony.net/clefia/.
Notations
This section describes mathematical notations, conventions, and symbols used throughout this document.
0x : A prefix for a binary string in hexadecimal form a|b or (a|b) : Concatenation of a and b (a,b) or (a b) : Vector style representation of a|b a <- b : Updating a value of a by a value of b trans(a) : Transposition of a vector or a matrix a a XOR b : Bitwise exclusive-OR operation
~a : Logical negation a <<< b : b-bit left cyclic shift operation a ^ b : a raised to the power of b a * b : Multiplication in GF(2^n) over a defined polynomial
CLEFIA Algorithm
The CLEFIA algorithm consists of two parts: a data processing part and a key scheduling part. The data processing part of CLEFIA consists of functions ENCr for encryption and DECr for decryption. The encryption/decryption process is as follows:
Step 1. Key scheduling Step 2. Encrypting/decrypting each block of data using ENCr/DECr
The process of the key scheduling is described in Section 6, and the definitions of ENCr and DECr are explained in Section 5. CLEFIA supports 128-bit, 192-bit, and 256-bit keys, and the key scheduling and ENCr/DECr should be appropriately selected for its key length.
CLEFIA Building Blocks
GFN_{d,r}
We first define the function GFN_{d,r}, which is a fundamental structure for CLEFIA, and then define a data processing part and a key scheduling part.
CLEFIA uses a 4-branch and an 8-branch generalized Feistel network. The 4-branch generalized Feistel network is used in the data processing part and the key scheduling for a 128-bit key. The 8-branch generalized Feistel network is applied in the key scheduling for a 192-bit/256-bit key. We denote the d-branch r-round generalized Feistel network employed in CLEFIA as GFN_{d,r}.
For d pairs of 32-bit inputs Xi and outputs Yi (0 <= i < d), and dr/2 32-bit round keys RK_{i} (0 <= i < dr/2), GFN_{d,r} (d = 4,8) is defined as follows.
GFN_{4,r}(RK_{0}, ..., RK_{2r-1}, X0, X1, X2, X3)
input : 32-bit round keys RK_{0}, ..., RK_{2r-1},
32-bit data X0, X1, X2, X3,
output: 32-bit data Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3
Step 1. T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 <- X0 | X1 | X2 | X3
Step 2. For i = 0 to r - 1 do the following:
Step 2.1. T1 <- T1 XOR F0(RK_{2i},T0),
T3 <- T3 XOR F1(RK_{2i + 1}, T2)
Step 2.2. T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 <- T1 | T2 | T3 | T0
Step 3. Y0 | Y1 | Y2 | Y3 <- T3 | T0 | T1 | T2
GFN_{8,r}(RK_{0}, ..., RK_{4r-1}, X0, X1, ..., X7)
input : 32-bit round keys RK_{0}, ..., RK_{4r-1},
32-bit data X0, X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7,
output: 32-bit data Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, Y7
Step 1. T0 | T1 | ... | T7 <- X0 | X1 | ... | X7
Step 2. For i = 0 to r - 1 do the following:
Step 2.1. T1 <- T1 XOR F0(RK_{4i}, T0),
T3 <- T3 XOR F1(RK_{4i + 1}, T2),
T5 <- T5 XOR F0(RK_{4i + 2}, T4),
T7 <- T7 XOR F1(RK_{4i + 3}, T6)
Step 2.2. T0 | T1 | ... | T6 | T7 <- T1 | T2 | ... | T7 | T0
Step 3. Y0 | Y1 | ... | Y6 | Y7 <- T7 | T0 | ... | T5 | T6
The inverse function GFNINV_{4,r} is obtained by changing the order of RK_{i} and the direction of word rotation at Step 2.2 and Step 3 in GFN_{4,r}.
GFNINV_{4,r}(RK_{0}, ..., RK_{2r-1}, X0, X1, X2, X3)
input : 32-bit round keys RK_{0}, ..., RK_{2r-1},
32-bit data X0, X1, X2, X3,
output: 32-bit data Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3
Step 1. T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 <- X0 | X1 | X2 | X3
Step 2. For i = 0 to r - 1 do the following:
Step 2.1. T1 <- T1 XOR F0(RK_{2(r - i) - 2}, T0),
T3 <- T3 XOR F1(RK_{2(r - i) - 1}, T2)
Step 2.2. T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 <- T3 | T0 | T1 | T2
Step 3. Y0 | Y1 | Y2 | Y3 <- T1 | T2 | T3 | T0
F-Functions
Two F-functions F0 and F1 used in GFN_{d,r} are defined as follows:
F0(RK, x)
input : 32-bit round key RK, 32-bit data x,
output: 32-bit data y
Step 1. T <- RK XOR x
Step 2. Let T = T0 | T1 | T2 | T3, where Ti is 8-bit data,
T0 <- S0(T0),
T1 <- S1(T1),
T2 <- S0(T2),
T3 <- S1(T3)
Step 3. Let y = y0 | y1 | y2 | y3, where yi is 8-bit data,
y <- M0 trans((T0, T1, T2, T3))
F1(RK, x)
input : 32-bit round key RK, 32-bit data x,
output: 32-bit data y
Step 1. T <- RK XOR x
Step 2. Let T = T0 | T1 | T2 | T3, where Ti is 8-bit data,
T0 <- S1(T0),
T1 <- S0(T1),
T2 <- S1(T2),
T3 <- S0(T3)
Step 3. Let y = y0 | y1 | y2 | y3, where yi is 8-bit data,
y <- M1 trans((T0, T1, T2, T3))
S0 and S1 are nonlinear 8-bit S-boxes, and M0 and M1 are 4x4 diffusion matrices described in the following section. In each F-function, two S-boxes are used in the different order, and a different matrix is used.
S-Boxes
CLEFIA employs two different types of 8-bit S-boxes: S0 is based on four 4-bit S-boxes, and S1 is based on the inverse function over GF(2^8) [CLEFIA1].
Tables 1 and 2 show the output values of S0 and S1, respectively. In these tables, all values are expressed in hexadecimal form. For an 8-bit input of an S-box, the upper 4 bits indicate a row and the lower 4 bits indicate a column. For example, if a value 0xab is input, 0x7e is output by S0 because it is on the cross line of the row indexed by "a." and the column indexed by ".b".
Table 1: S-Box S0
.0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .a .b .c .d .e .f
0. 57 49 d1 c6 2f 33 74 fb 95 6d 82 ea 0e b0 a8 1c 1. 28 d0 4b 92 5c ee 85 b1 c4 0a 76 3d 63 f9 17 af 2. bf a1 19 65 f7 7a 32 20 06 ce e4 83 9d 5b 4c d8 3. 42 5d 2e e8 d4 9b 0f 13 3c 89 67 c0 71 aa b6 f5 4. a4 be fd 8c 12 00 97 da 78 e1 cf 6b 39 43 55 26 5. 30 98 cc dd eb 54 b3 8f 4e 16 fa 22 a5 77 09 61 6. d6 2a 53 37 45 c1 6c ae ef 70 08 99 8b 1d f2 b4 7. e9 c7 9f 4a 31 25 fe 7c d3 a2 bd 56 14 88 60 0b 8. cd e2 34 50 9e dc 11 05 2b b7 a9 48 ff 66 8a 73 9. 03 75 86 f1 6a a7 40 c2 b9 2c db 1f 58 94 3e ed a. fc 1b a0 04 b8 8d e6 59 62 93 35 7e ca 21 df 47 b. 15 f3 ba 7f a6 69 c8 4d 87 3b 9c 01 e0 de 24 52 c. 7b 0c 68 1e 80 b2 5a e7 ad d5 23 f4 46 3f 91 c9 d. 6e 84 72 bb 0d 18 d9 96 f0 5f 41 ac 27 c5 e3 3a e. 81 6f 07 a3 79 f6 2d 38 1a 44 5e b5 d2 ec cb 90 f. 9a 36 e5 29 c3 4f ab 64 51 f8 10 d7 bc 02 7d 8e
Table 2: S-Box S1
.0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 .a .b .c .d .e .f
0. 6c da c3 e9 4e 9d 0a 3d b8 36 b4 38 13 34 0c d9 1. bf 74 94 8f b7 9c e5 dc 9e 07 49 4f 98 2c b0 93 2. 12 eb cd b3 92 e7 41 60 e3 21 27 3b e6 19 d2 0e 3. 91 11 c7 3f 2a 8e a1 bc 2b c8 c5 0f 5b f3 87 8b 4. fb f5 de 20 c6 a7 84 ce d8 65 51 c9 a4 ef 43 53 5. 25 5d 9b 31 e8 3e 0d d7 80 ff 69 8a ba 0b 73 5c 6. 6e 54 15 62 f6 35 30 52 a3 16 d3 28 32 fa aa 5e 7. cf ea ed 78 33 58 09 7b 63 c0 c1 46 1e df a9 99 8. 55 04 c4 86 39 77 82 ec 40 18 90 97 59 dd 83 1f 9. 9a 37 06 24 64 7c a5 56 48 08 85 d0 61 26 ca 6f a. 7e 6a b6 71 a0 70 05 d1 45 8c 23 1c f0 ee 89 ad b. 7a 4b c2 2f db 5a 4d 76 67 17 2d f4 cb b1 4a a8 c. b5 22 47 3a d5 10 4c 72 cc 00 f9 e0 fd e2 fe ae d. f8 5f ab f1 1b 42 81 d6 be 44 29 a6 57 b9 af f2 e. d4 75 66 bb 68 9f 50 02 01 3c 7f 8d 1a 88 bd ac f. f7 e4 79 96 a2 fc 6d b2 6b 03 e1 2e 7d 14 95 1d
Diffusion Matrices
The multiplications of a diffusion matrix M0 or M1, and a vector T in Section 4.2, are obtained as follows.
y = M0 trans((T0, T1, T2, T3)):
y0 = T0 XOR (0x02 * T1) XOR (0x04 * T2) XOR (0x06 * T3), y1 = (0x02 * T0) XOR T1 XOR (0x06 * T2) XOR (0x04 * T3), y2 = (0x04 * T0) XOR (0x06 * T1) XOR T2 XOR (0x02 * T3), y3 = (0x06 * T0) XOR (0x04 * T1) XOR (0x02 * T2) XOR T3
y = M1 trans((T0, T1, T2, T3)):
y0 = T0 XOR (0x08 * T1) XOR (0x02 * T2) XOR (0x0a * T3), y1 = (0x08 * T0) XOR T1 XOR (0x0a * T2) XOR (0x02 * T3), y2 = (0x02 * T0) XOR (0x0a * T1) XOR T2 XOR (0x08 * T3), y3 = (0x0a * T0) XOR (0x02 * T1) XOR (0x08 * T2) XOR T3
In the above equations, * denotes a multiplication in GF(2^8) defined by the lexicographically first primitive polynomial z^8 + z^4 + z^3 + z^2 + 1. The constants 0x02, 0x04, 0x06, 0x08, and 0x0a are represented in hexadecimal form of finite field polynomials. For example, 0x02 identifies the finite field element z. 8-bit data Ti is also interpreted as a finite field element.
The mathematical background of two diffusion matrices and their choices are explained in [CLEFIA2].
Data Processing Part
Encryption/Decryption
The data processing part of CLEFIA consists of ENCr for encryption and DECr for decryption. ENCr and DECr are based on the 4-branch generalized Feistel structure GFN_{4,r}. Let P,C be 128-bit plaintext and ciphertext, and let Pi, Ci (0 <= i < 4) be divided 32-bit plaintexts and ciphertexts where P = P0 | P1 | P2 | P3 and C = C0 | C1 | C2 | C3, and let WK0, WK1, WK2, WK3 be 32-bit whitening keys and RK_{i} (0 <= i < 2r) be 32-bit round keys provided by the key scheduling part. Then, r-round encryption function ENCr is defined as follows:
Step 1. T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 <- P0 | (P1 XOR WK0) | P2 | (P3 XOR WK1)
Step 2. T0 | T1 | T2 | T3
<- GFN_{4,r}(RK_{0}, ..., RK_{2r-1}, T0, T1, T2, T3)
Step 3. C0 | C1 | C2 | C3 <- T0 | (T1 XOR WK2) | T2 | (T3 XOR WK3)
The decryption function DECr is defined as follows:
Step 1. T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 <- C0 | (C1 XOR WK2) | C2 | (C3 XOR WK3)
Step 2. T0 | T1 | T2 | T3
<- GFNINV_{4,r}(RK_{0}, ..., RK_{2r-1}, T0, T1, T2, T3)
Step 3. P0 | P1 | P2 | P3 <- T0 | (T1 XOR WK0) | T2 | (T3 XOR WK1)
The Numbers of Rounds
The number of rounds, r, is 18, 22, and 26 for 128-bit, 192-bit, and 256-bit keys, respectively. The total number of RK_{i} depends on the key length. The data processing part requires 36, 44, and 52 round keys for 128-bit, 192-bit, and 256-bit keys, respectively.
Key Scheduling Part
The key scheduling part of CLEFIA supports 128-bit, 192-bit, and 256-bit keys and outputs whitening keys WKi (0 <= i < 4) and round keys RK_{j} (0 <= j < 2r) for the data processing part.
DoubleSwap Function
We first define the DoubleSwap function, which is used in the key scheduling part.
The DoubleSwap Function Sigma(X):
For 128-bit data X,
Y = Sigma(X)
= X[7-63] | X[121-127] | X[0-6] | X[64-120],
where X[a-b] denotes a bit string cut from the a-th bit to the b-th bit of X. Bit 0 is the most significant bit.
Overall Structure
The key scheduling part of CLEFIA provides whitening keys and round keys for the data processing part. Let K be the key and L be an intermediate key, and the key scheduling part consists of the following two steps.
1. Generating L from K. 2. Expanding K and L (Generating WKi and RK_{j}).
To generate L from K, the key schedule for a 128-bit key uses a 128-bit permutation GFN_{4,12}, while the key schedules for 192/256-bit keys use a 256-bit permutation GFN_{8,10}.
Key Scheduling for a 128-Bit Key
The 128-bit intermediate key L is generated by applying GFN_{4,12}, which takes twenty-four 32-bit constant values CON_128[i] (0 <= i < 24) as round keys and K = K0 | K1 | K2 | K3 as an input. Then, K and L are used to generate WKi (0 <= i < 4) and RK_{j} (0 <= j < 36) in the following steps. In the latter part, thirty-six 32-bit constant values CON_128[i] (24 <= i < 60) are used. The generation steps of CON_128[i] are explained in Section 6.6.
(Generating L from K)
Step 1. L <- GFN_{4,12}(CON_128[0], ..., CON_128[23], K0, ..., K3)
(Expanding K and L)
Step 2. WK0 | WK1 | WK2 | WK3 <- K
Step 3. For i = 0 to 8 do the following:
T <- L XOR (CON_128[24 + 4i] | CON_128[24 + 4i + 1]
| CON_128[24 + 4i + 2] | CON_128[24 + 4i + 3])
L <- Sigma(L)
if i is odd: T <- T XOR K
RK_{4i} | RK_{4i + 1} | RK_{4i + 2} | RK_{4i + 3} <- T
Key Scheduling for a 192-Bit Key
Two 128-bit values KL and KR are generated from a 192-bit key K = K0 | K1 | K2 | K3 | K4 | K5, where Ki is 32-bit data. Then, two 128-bit values LL and LR are generated by applying GFN_{8,10}, which takes CON_192[i] (0 <= i < 40) as round keys and KL|KR as a 256-bit input.
Then, KL,KR and LL,LR are used to generate WKi (0 <= i < 4) and RK_{j} (0 <= j < 44) in the following steps. In the latter part, forty-four 32-bit constant values CON_192[i] (40 <= i < 84) are used.
The following steps show the 192-bit/256-bit key scheduling. For the 192-bit key scheduling, the value of k is set as 192.
Key Scheduling for a 256-Bit Key
The key scheduling for a 256-bit key is almost the same as that for a 192-bit key, except for constant values, the required number of RKi, and the initialization of KR.
For a 256-bit key, the value of k is set as 256, and the steps are almost the same as in the 192-bit key case. The difference is that we use CON_256[i](0 <= i < 40) as round keys to generate LL and LR, and then to generate RK_{j} (0 <= j < 52), we use fifty-two 32-bit constant values CON_256[i](40 <= i < 92).
(Generating LL,LR from KL,KR for a k-bit key)
Step 1. Set k = 192 or k = 256
Step 2. If k = 192 :
KL <- K0 | K1 | K2 | K3, KR <- K4 | K5 | ~K0 | ~K1
else if k = 256 :
KL <- K0 | K1 | K2 | K3, KR <- K4 | K5 | K6 | K7
Step 3. Let KL = KL0 | KL1 | KL2 | KL3
KR = KR0 | KR1 | KR2 | KR3
LL|LR <-
GFN_{8,10}(CON_k[0] , ..., CON_k[39],
KL0, ..., KL3, KR0, ..., KR3)
(Expanding KL,KR and LL,LR for a k-bit key)
Step 4. WK0 | WK1 | WK2 | WK3 <- KL XOR KR
Step 5. For i = 0 to 10 (if k = 192),
or 12 (if k = 256) do the following:
If (i mod 4) = 0 or 1:
T <- LL XOR (CON_k[40 + 4i] | CON_k[40 + 4i + 1]
| CON_k[40 + 4i + 2] | CON_k[40 + 4i + 3])
LL <- Sigma(LL)
if i is odd: T <- T XOR KR
else:
T <- LR XOR (CON_k[40 + 4i] | CON_k[40 + 4i + 1]
| CON_k[40 + 4i + 2] | CON_k[40 + 4i + 3])
LR <- Sigma(LR)
if i is odd: T <- T XOR KL
RK_{4i} | RK_{4i + 1} | RK_{4i + 2} | RK_{4i + 3} <- T
Constant Values
32-bit constant values CON_k[i] are used in the key scheduling algorithm. We need 60, 84, and 92 constant values for 128-bit, 192-bit, and 256-bit keys, respectively. Let P(16) = 0xb7e1 (= (e-2)2^16) and Q(16) = 0x243f (= (pi-3)2^16), where e is the base of the natural logarithm (2.71828...) and pi is the circle ratio (3.14159...). CON_k[i], for k = 128,192,256, are generated as follows (see Table 3 for the repetition numbers l_k and the initial values IV_k).
Step 1. T_k[0] <- IV_k
Step 2. For i = 0 to l_k - 1 do the following:
Step 2.1. CON_k[2i] <- (T_k[i] XOR P) | (~T_k[i] <<< 1)
Step 2.2. CON_k[2i + 1] <- (~T_k[i] XOR Q) | (T_k[i] <<< 8)
Step 2.3. T_k[i + 1] <- T_k[i] * (0x0002^{-1})
In Step 2.3, the multiplications are performed in the field GF(2^16) defined by a primitive polynomial z^16 + z^15 + z^13 + z^11 + z^5 + z^4 + 1 (=0x1a831). 0x0002^{-1} denotes the multiplicative inverse of the finite field element z. The selection criteria of IV and the primitive polynomial are shown in [CLEFIA1].
Table 3: Required Numbers of Constant Values
k # of CON_k[i] l_k IV_k
128 60 30 0x428a 192 84 42 0x7137 256 92 46 0xb5c0
Tables 4-6 show the values of T_k[i](k = 128,192,256), and Tables 7-9 show the values of CON_k[i](k = 128,192,256).
Table 4: T_128[i]
i 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
T_128[i] 428a 2145 c4ba 625d e536 729b ed55 a2b2
i 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
T_128[i] 5159 fcb4 7e5a 3f2d cb8e 65c7 e6fb a765
i 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
T_128[i] 87aa 43d5 f5f2 7af9 e964 74b2 3a59 c934
i 24 25 26 27 28 29
T_128[i] 649a 324d cd3e 669f e757 a7b3
Table 5: T_192[i]
i 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
T_192[i] 7137 ec83 a259 8534 429a 214d c4be 625f
i 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
T_192[i] e537 a683 8759 97b4 4bda 25ed c6ee 6377
i 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
T_192[i] e5a3 a6c9 877c 43be 21df c4f7 b663 8f29
i 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
T_192[i] 938c 49c6 24e3 c669 b72c 5b96 2dcb c2fd
i 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
T_192[i] b566 5ab3 f941 a8b8 545c 2a2e 1517 de93
i 40 41
T_192[i] bb51 89b0
Table 6: T_256[i]
i 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
T_256[i] b5c0 5ae0 2d70 16b8 0b5c 05ae 02d7 d573
i 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
T_256[i] bea1 8b48 45a4 22d2 1169 dcac 6e56 372b
i 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
T_256[i] cf8d b3de 59ef f8ef a86f 802f 940f 9e1f
i 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
T_256[i] 9b17 9993 98d1 9870 4c38 261c 130e 0987
i 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
T_256[i] d0db bc75 8a22 4511 f690 7b48 3da4 1ed2
i 40 41 42 43 44 45
T_256[i] 0f69 d3ac 69d6 34eb ce6d b32e
Table 7: CON_128[i] (0 <= i < 60)
i 0 1 2 3
CON_128[i] f56b7aeb 994a8a42 96a4bd75 fa854521
i 4 5 6 7
CON_128[i] 735b768a 1f7abac4 d5bc3b45 b99d5d62
i 8 9 10 11
CON_128[i] 52d73592 3ef636e5 c57a1ac9 a95b9b72
i 12 13 14 15
CON_128[i] 5ab42554 369555ed 1553ba9a 7972b2a2
i 16 17 18 19
CON_128[i] e6b85d4d 8a995951 4b550696 2774b4fc
i 20 21 22 23
CON_128[i] c9bb034b a59a5a7e 88cc81a5 e4ed2d3f
i 24 25 26 27
CON_128[i] 7c6f68e2 104e8ecb d2263471 be07c765
i 28 29 30 31
CON_128[i] 511a3208 3d3bfbe6 1084b134 7ca565a7
i 32 33 34 35
CON_128[i] 304bf0aa 5c6aaa87 f4347855 9815d543
i 36 37 38 39
CON_128[i] 4213141a 2e32f2f5 cd180a0d a139f97a
i 40 41 42 43
CON_128[i] 5e852d36 32a464e9 c353169b af72b274
i 44 45 46 47
CON_128[i] 8db88b4d e199593a 7ed56d96 12f434c9
i 48 49 50 51
CON_128[i] d37b36cb bf5a9a64 85ac9b65 e98d4d32
i 52 53 54 55
CON_128[i] 7adf6582 16fe3ecd d17e32c1 bd5f9f66
i 56 57 58 59
CON_128[i] 50b63150 3c9757e7 1052b098 7c73b3a7
Table 8: CON_192[i] (0 <= i < 84)
i 0 1 2 3
CON_192[i] c6d61d91 aaf73771 5b6226f8 374383ec
i 4 5 6 7
CON_192[i] 15b8bb4c 799959a2 32d5f596 5ef43485
i 8 9 10 11
CON_192[i] f57b7acb 995a9a42 96acbd65 fa8d4d21
i 12 13 14 15
CON_192[i] 735f7682 1f7ebec4 d5be3b41 b99f5f62
i 16 17 18 19
CON_192[i] 52d63590 3ef737e5 1162b2f8 7d4383a6
i 20 21 22 23
CON_192[i] 30b8f14c 5c995987 2055d096 4c74b497
i 24 25 26 27
CON_192[i] fc3b684b 901ada4b 920cb425 fe2ded25
i 28 29 30 31
CON_192[i] 710f7222 1d2eeec6 d4963911 b8b77763
i 32 33 34 35
CON_192[i] 524234b8 3e63a3e5 1128b26c 7d09c9a6
i 36 37 38 39
CON_192[i] 309df106 5cbc7c87 f45f7883 987ebe43
i 40 41 42 43
CON_192[i] 963ebc41 fa1fdf21 73167610 1f37f7c4
i 44 45 46 47
CON_192[i] 01829338 6da363b6 38c8e1ac 54e9298f
i 48 49 50 51
CON_192[i] 246dd8e6 484c8c93 fe276c73 9206c649
i 52 53 54 55
CON_192[i] 9302b639 ff23e324 7188732c 1da969c6
i 56 57 58 59
CON_192[i] 00cd91a6 6cec2cb7 ec7748d3 8056965b
i 60 61 62 63
CON_192[i] 9a2aa469 f60bcb2d 751c7a04 193dfdc2
i 64 65 66 67
CON_192[i] 02879532 6ea666b5 ed524a99 8173b35a
i 68 69 70 71
CON_192[i] 4ea00d7c 228141f9 1f59ae8e 7378b8a8
i 72 73 74 75
CON_192[i] e3bd5747 8f9c5c54 9dcfaba3 f1ee2e2a
i 76 77 78 79
CON_192[i] a2f6d5d1 ced71715 697242d8 055393de
i 80 81 82 83
CON_192[i] 0cb0895c 609151bb 3e51ec9e 5270b089
Table 9: CON_256[i] (0 <= i < 92)
i 0 1 2 3
CON_256[i] 0221947e 6e00c0b5 ed014a3f 8120e05a
i 4 5 6 7
CON_256[i] 9a91a51f f6b0702d a159d28f cd78b816
i 8 9 10 11
CON_256[i] bcbde947 d09c5c0b b24ff4a3 de6eae05
i 12 13 14 15
CON_256[i] b536fa51 d917d702 62925518 0eb373d5
i 16 17 18 19
CON_256[i] 094082bc 6561a1be 3ca9e96e 5088488b
i 20 21 22 23
CON_256[i] f24574b7 9e64a445 9533ba5b f912d222
i 24 25 26 27
CON_256[i] a688dd2d caa96911 6b4d46a6 076cacdc
i 28 29 30 31
CON_256[i] d9b72353 b596566e 80ca91a9 eceb2b37
i 32 33 34 35
CON_256[i] 786c60e4 144d8dcf 043f9842 681edeb3
i 36 37 38 39
CON_256[i] ee0e4c21 822fef59 4f0e0e20 232feff8
i 40 41 42 43
CON_256[i] 1f8eaf20 73af6fa8 37ceffa0 5bef2f80
i 44 45 46 47
CON_256[i] 23eed7e0 4fcf0f94 29fec3c0 45df1f9e
i 48 49 50 51
CON_256[i] 2cf6c9d0 40d7179b 2e72ccd8 42539399
i 52 53 54 55
CON_256[i] 2f30ce5c 4311d198 2f91cf1e 43b07098
i 56 57 58 59
CON_256[i] fbd9678f 97f8384c 91fdb3c7 fddc1c26
i 60 61 62 63
CON_256[i] a4efd9e3 c8ce0e13 be66ecf1 d2478709
i 64 65 66 67
CON_256[i] 673a5e48 0b1bdbd0 0b948714 67b575bc
i 68 69 70 71
CON_256[i] 3dc3ebba 51e2228a f2f075dd 9ed11145
i 72 73 74 75
CON_256[i] 417112de 2d5090f6 cca9096f a088487b
i 76 77 78 79
CON_256[i] 8a4584b7 e664a43d a933c25b c512d21e
i 80 81 82 83
CON_256[i] b888e12d d4a9690f 644d58a6 086cacd3
i 84 85 86 87
CON_256[i] de372c53 b216d669 830a9629 ef2beb34
i 88 89 90 91
CON_256[i] 798c6324 15ad6dce 04cf99a2 68ee2eb3
Security Considerations
The security of CLEFIA has been scrutinized in the public community, but no security weaknesses have been found for full-round CLEFIA to date, neither by the designers nor by independent cryptographers. Security evaluation by the designers is described in [CLEFIA3], and a list of published cryptanalysis results by external cryptographers is available from http://www.sony.net/Products/cryptography/clefia/technical/ related_material.html.
Informative References
[CLEFIA1] The 128-bit Blockcipher CLEFIA - Algorithm Specification,
Revision 1.0, June 1, 2007, Sony Corporation,
http://www.sony.net/Products/cryptography/clefia/
technical/data/clefia-spec-1.0.pdf.
[CLEFIA2] The 128-bit blockcipher CLEFIA - Design Rationale,
Revision 1.0, June 1, 2007, Sony Corporation,
http://www.sony.net/Products/cryptography/clefia/
technical/data/clefia-design-1.0.pdf.
[CLEFIA3] The 128-bit blockcipher CLEFIA - Security and Performance
Evaluations, Revision 1.0, June 1, 2007, Sony
Corporation,
http://www.sony.net/Products/cryptography/clefia/
technical/data/clefia-eval-1.0.pdf.
[CRYPTREC] Cryptography Research and Evaluation Committees,
http://www.cryptrec.go.jp/.
[FIPS-197] National Institute of Standards and Technology, "Advanced
Encryption Standard (AES)", FIPS 197, November 2001,
http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips197/
fips-197.pdf.
[FSE07] Shirai, T., Shibutani, K., Akishita, T., Moriai, S., and
T. Iwata, "The 128-bit Blockcipher CLEFIA", proceedings
of Fast Software Encryption 2007 - FSE 2007, LNCS 4593,
pp. 181-195, Springer-Verlag, 2007.
[ISO29192-2]
ISO/IEC 29192-2, "Information technology - Security
techniques - Lightweight cryptography - Part 2: Block
ciphers", http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/
catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=56552.
Appendix A. Test Vectors
In this appendix, we give test vectors of CLEFIA for each key length. The data are expressed in hexadecimal form. For the intermediate values of these vectors, refer to Appendix B.
128-bit key:
key ffeeddcc bbaa9988 77665544 33221100 plaintext 00010203 04050607 08090a0b 0c0d0e0f ciphertext de2bf2fd 9b74aacd f1298555 459494fd
192-bit key:
key ffeeddcc bbaa9988 77665544 33221100
f0e0d0c0 b0a09080
plaintext 00010203 04050607 08090a0b 0c0d0e0f ciphertext e2482f64 9f028dc4 80dda184 fde181ad
256-bit key:
key ffeeddcc bbaa9988 77665544 33221100
f0e0d0c0 b0a09080 70605040 30201000
plaintext 00010203 04050607 08090a0b 0c0d0e0f ciphertext a1397814 289de80c 10da46d1 fa48b38a
Appendix B. Test Vectors (Intermediate Values)
128-bit key:
key ffeeddcc bbaa9988 77665544 33221100 plaintext 00010203 04050607 08090a0b 0c0d0e0f ciphertext de2bf2fd 9b74aacd f1298555 459494fd
L 8f89a61b 9db9d0f3 93e65627 da0d027e
WK_{0,1,2,3} ffeeddcc bbaa9988 77665544 33221100 RK_{0,1,2,3} f3e6cef9 8df75e38 41c06256 640ac51b RK_{4,5,6,7} 6a27e20a 5a791b90 e8c528dc 00336ea3 RK_{8,9,10,11} 59cd17c4 28565583 312a37cc c08abd77 RK_{12,13,14,15} 7e8e7eec 8be7e949 d3f463d6 a0aad6aa RK_{16,17,18,19} e75eb039 0d657eb9 018002e2 9117d009 RK_{20,21,22,23} 9f98d11e babee8cf b0369efa d3aaef0d RK_{24,25,26,27} 3438f93b f9cea4a0 68df9029 b869b4a7 RK_{28,29,30,31} 24d6406d e74bc550 41c28193 16de4795 RK_{32,33,34,35} a34a20f5 33265d14 b19d0554 5142f434
plaintext 00010203 04050607 08090a0b 0c0d0e0f initial whitening key ffeeddcc bbaa9988 after whitening 00010203 fbebdbcb 08090a0b b7a79787
Round 1 input 00010203 fbebdbcb 08090a0b b7a79787
F-function F0 F1
input 00010203 08090a0b
round key f3e6cef9 8df75e38
after key add f3e7ccfa 85fe5433
after S 290246e1 777de8e8
after M 547a3193 abf12070
Round 2 input af91ea58 08090a0b 1c56b7f7 00010203
F-function F0 F1
input af91ea58 1c56b7f7
round key 41c06256 640ac51b
after key add ee51880e 785c72ec
after S cb5d2b0c 63a5edd2
after M f51cebb3 82dfe347
Round 3 input fd15e1b8 1c56b7f7 82dee144 af91ea58
F-function F0 F1
input fd15e1b8 82dee144
round key 6a27e20a 5a791b90
after key add 973203b2 d8a7fad4
after S c2c7c6c2 be59e10d
after M d8dfd8de e15ea81c
Round 4 input c4896f29 82dee144 4ecf4244 fd15e1b8
F-function F0 F1
input c4896f29 4ecf4244
round key e8c528dc 00336ea3
after key add 2c4c47f5 4efc2ce7
after S 9da4dafc 43bce638
after M b5b28e96 b65c519a
Round 5 input 376c6fd2 4ecf4244 4b49b022 c4896f29
F-function F0 F1
input 376c6fd2 4b49b022
round key 59cd17c4 28565583
after key add 6ea17816 631fe5a1
after S f26ad3e5 62af9f1b
after M 29f08afd be01d127
Round 6 input 673fc8b9 4b49b022 7a88be0e 376c6fd2
F-function F0 F1
input 673fc8b9 7a88be0e
round key 312a37cc c08abd77
after key add 5615ff75 ba020379
after S b39c8e58 2dd1e9a2
after M 5999a79e 0429b329
Round 7 input 12d017bc 7a88be0e 3345dcfb 673fc8b9
F-function F0 F1
input 12d017bc 3345dcfb
round key 7e8e7eec 8be7e949
after key add 6c5e6950 b8a235b2
after S 8b737025 67a08eba
after M 6ed11b09 dfd3cd32
Round 8 input 1459a507 3345dcfb b8ec058b 12d017bc
F-function F0 F1
input 1459a507 b8ec058b
round key d3f463d6 a0aad6aa
after key add c7adc6d1 1846d321
after S e7ee5a5f 9e97f1a1
after M 8c9d011c 93684eec
Round 9 input bfd8dde7 b8ec058b 81b85950 1459a507
F-function F0 F1
input bfd8dde7 81b85950
round key e75eb039 0d657eb9
after key add 58866dde 8cdd27e9
after S 4e821daf 59c56044
after M e6d6501e 6d5839b4
Round 10 input 5e3a5595 81b85950 79019cb3 bfd8dde7
F-function F0 F1
input 5e3a5595 79019cb3
round key 018002e2 9117d009
after key add 5fba5777 e8164cba
after S 612d8f7b 0185a49c
after M 3a1b0e97 b9b479c8
Round 11 input bba357c7 79019cb3 066ca42f 5e3a5595
F-function F0 F1
input bba357c7 066ca42f
round key 9f98d11e babee8cf
after key add 243b86d9 bcd24ce0
after S f70f1144 cb72a481
after M 28974052 4a6700b1
Round 12 input 5196dce1 066ca42f 145d5524 bba357c7
F-function F0 F1
input 5196dce1 145d5524
round key b0369efa d3aaef0d
after key add e1a0421b c7f7ba29
after S 6f7efd4f 72642dce
after M ffb5db32 907d3820
Round 13 input f9d97f1d 145d5524 2bde6fe7 5196dce1
F-function F0 F1
input f9d97f1d 2bde6fe7
round key 3438f93b f9cea4a0
after key add cde18626 d210cb47
after S 3f751141 ab28e0da
after M 0a744c28 1c3e38a3
Round 14 input 1e29190c 2bde6fe7 4da8e442 f9d97f1d
F-function F0 F1
input 1e29190c 4da8e442
round key 68df9029 b869b4a7
after key add 76f68925 f5c150e5
after S fe6db7e7 fc0c25f6
after M aaa2c803 c4315b8d
Round 15 input 817ca7e4 4da8e442 3de82490 1e29190c
F-function F0 F1
input 817ca7e4 3de82490
round key 24d6406d e74bc550
after key add a5aae789 daa3e1c0
after S 8d233818 2904757b
after M 7bd4cced eac2f0fb
Round 16 input 367c28af 3de82490 f4ebe9f7 817ca7e4
F-function F0 F1
input 367c28af f4ebe9f7
round key 41c28193 16de4795
after key add 77bea93c e235ae62
after S 7c4a935b 669b8953
after M 598e6940 c119609f
Round 17 input 64664dd0 f4ebe9f7 4065c77b 367c28af
F-function F0 F1
input 64664dd0 4065c77b
round key a34a20f5 33265d14
after key add c72c6d25 73439a6f
after S e7e61de7 788c85b4
after M 2ac01b0a c755adfa
Round 18 input de2bf2fd 4065c77b f1298555 64664dd0
F-function F0 F1
input de2bf2fd f1298555
round key b19d0554 5142f434
after key add 6fb6f7a9 a06b7161
after S b44d648c 7e99ea2a
after M ac7738f2 12d0c82d
output de2bf2fd ec12ff89 f1298555 76b685fd final whitening key 77665544 33221100 after whitening de2bf2fd 9b74aacd f1298555 459494fd ciphertext de2bf2fd 9b74aacd f1298555 459494fd
192-bit key:
key ffeeddcc bbaa9988 77665544 33221100
f0e0d0c0 b0a09080
plaintext 00010203 04050607 08090a0b 0c0d0e0f ciphertext e2482f64 9f028dc4 80dda184 fde181ad
LL db05415a 800082db 7cb8186c d788c5f3 LR 1ca9b2e1 b4606829 c92dd35e 2258a432 WK_{0,1,2,3} 0f0e0d0c 0b0a0908 77777777 77777777 RK_{0,1,2,3} 4d3bfd1b 7a1f5dfa 0fae6e7c c8bf3237 RK_{4,5,6,7} 73c2eeb8 dd429ec5 e220b3af c9135e73 RK_{8,9,10,11} 38c46a07 fc2ce4ba 370abf2d b05e627b RK_{12,13,14,15} 38351b2f 74bd6e1e 1b7c7dce 92cfc98e RK_{16,17,18,19} 509b31a6 4c5ad53c 6fc2ba33 e1e5c878 RK_{20,21,22,23} 419a74b9 1dd79e0e 240a33d2 9dabfd09 RK_{24,25,26,27} 6e3ff82a 74ac3ffd b9696e2e cc0b3a38 RK_{28,29,30,31} ed785cbd 9c077c13 04978d83 2ec058ba RK_{32,33,34,35} 4bbd5f6a 31fe8de8 b76da574 3a6fa8e7 RK_{36,37,38,39} 521213ce 4f1f59d8 c13624f6 ee91f6a4 RK_{40,41,42,43} 17f68fde f6c360a9 6288bc72 c0ad856b
plaintext 00010203 04050607 08090a0b 0c0d0e0f initial whitening key 0f0e0d0c 0b0a0908 after whitening 00010203 0b0b0b0b 08090a0b 07070707
Round 1 input 00010203 0b0b0b0b 08090a0b 07070707
F-function F0 F1
input 00010203 08090a0b
round key 4d3bfd1b 7a1f5dfa
after key add 4d3aff18 721657f1
after S 43c58e9e ed85d736
after M b5021a3b c397f62b
Round 2 input be091130 08090a0b c490f12c 00010203
F-function F0 F1
input be091130 c490f12c
round key 0fae6e7c c8bf3237
after key add b1a77f4c 0c2fc31b
after S f3d10ba4 13d83a3d
after M 9fba69c1 6683cae3
Round 3 input 97b363ca c490f12c 6682c8e0 be091130
F-function F0 F1
input 97b363ca 6682c8e0
round key 73c2eeb8 dd429ec5
after key add e4718d72 bbc05625
after S 79ea66ed f47b0d7a
after M 61c21ea5 120e06e2
Round 4 input a552ef89 6682c8e0 ac0717d2 97b363ca
F-function F0 F1
input a552ef89 ac0717d2
round key e220b3af c9135e73
after key add 47725c26 651449a1
after S daeda541 355c651b
after M 28a43c63 cb1ab573
Round 5 input 4e26f483 ac0717d2 5ca9d6b9 a552ef89
F-function F0 F1
input 4e26f483 5ca9d6b9
round key 38c46a07 fc2ce4ba
after key add 76e29e84 a0853203
after S fe663e39 7edcc7c6
after M 5ce7dafe ac7f4e3e
Round 6 input f0e0cd2c 5ca9d6b9 092da1b7 4e26f483
F-function F0 F1
input f0e0cd2c 092da1b7
round key 370abf2d b05e627b
after key add c7ea7201 b973c3cc
after S e77f9fda 174a3a46
after M b9869270 8fc7e089
Round 7 input e52f44c9 092da1b7 c1e1140a f0e0cd2c
F-function F0 F1
input e52f44c9 c1e1140a
round key 38351b2f 74bd6e1e
after key add dd1a5fe6 b55c7a14
after S c5496150 5aa5c15c
after M 33d8590f e62eb913
Round 8 input 3af5f8b8 c1e1140a 16ce743f e52f44c9
F-function F0 F1
input 3af5f8b8 16ce743f
round key 1b7c7dce 92cfc98e
after key add 21898576 8401bdb1
after S a118dc09 3949b1f3
after M f091202d 04f9e827
Round 9 input 31703427 16ce743f e1d6acee 3af5f8b8
F-function F0 F1
input 31703427 e1d6acee
round key 509b31a6 4c5ad53c
after key add 61eb0581 ad8c79d2
after S 2a8d3304 eeffc072
after M f9639a90 8bebfe3d
Round 10 input efadeeaf e1d6acee b11e0685 31703427
F-function F0 F1
input efadeeaf b11e0685
round key 6fc2ba33 e1e5c878
after key add 806f549c 50fbcefd
after S cd5eeb61 25d7fe02
after M a100e35b 26a4e16d
Round 11 input 40d64fb5 b11e0685 17d4d54a efadeeaf
F-function F0 F1
input 40d64fb5 17d4d54a
round key 419a74b9 1dd79e0e
after key add 014c3b0c 0a034b44
after S 49a4c013 b4c6c912
after M 51c0208f f1a2c339
Round 12 input e0de260a 17d4d54a 1e0f2d96 40d64fb5
F-function F0 F1
input e0de260a 1e0f2d96
round key 240a33d2 9dabfd09
after key add c4d415d8 83a4d09f
after S 801beebe 86b8f8ed
after M 8a9aef34 3e451646
Round 13 input 9d4e3a7e 1e0f2d96 7e9359f3 e0de260a
F-function F0 F1
input 9d4e3a7e 7e9359f3
round key 6e3ff82a 74ac3ffd
after key add f371c254 0a3f660e
after S 29ea68e8 b4f530a8
after M 17524741 4b8c607e
Round 14 input 095d6ad7 7e9359f3 ab524674 9d4e3a7e
F-function F0 F1
input 095d6ad7 ab524674
round key b9696e2e cc0b3a38
after key add b03404f9 67597c4c
after S 152a2f03 52161e39
after M f7ee818b 7902f3eb
Round 15 input 897dd878 ab524674 e44cc995 095d6ad7
F-function F0 F1
input 897dd878 e44cc995
round key ed785cbd 9c077c13
after key add 640584c5 784bb586
after S 459d9e10 636b5a11
after M 4034defc 0228bdd4
Round 16 input eb669888 e44cc995 0b75d703 897dd878
F-function F0 F1
input eb669888 0b75d703
round key 04978d83 2ec058ba
after key add eff1150b 25b58fb9
after S 90e4ee38 e7691f3b
after M 4a678609 05b2b4a9
Round 17 input ae2b4f9c 0b75d703 8ccf6cd1 eb669888
F-function F0 F1
input ae2b4f9c 8ccf6cd1
round key 4bbd5f6a 31fe8de8
after key add e59610f6 bd31e139
after S f6a5286d b15d7589
after M 720df49d bad65e22
Round 18 input 7978239e 8ccf6cd1 51b0c6aa ae2b4f9c
F-function F0 F1
input 7978239e 51b0c6aa
round key b76da574 3a6fa8e7
after key add ce1586ea 6bdf6e4d
after S 919c117f 283aaa43
after M ef24fe56 08916103
Round 19 input 63eb9287 51b0c6aa a6ba2e9f 7978239e
F-function F0 F1
input 63eb9287 a6ba2e9f
round key 521213ce 4f1f59d8
after key add 31f98149 e9a57747
after S 5d03e265 3c8d7bda
after M b7464b63 e1d086a7
Round 20 input e6f68dc9 a6ba2e9f 98a8a539 63eb9287
F-function F0 F1
input e6f68dc9 98a8a539
round key c13624f6 ee91f6a4
after key add 27c0a93f 7639539d
after S 20b5938b 09893194
after M 3cae819e b603c454
Round 21 input 9a14af01 98a8a539 d5e856d3 e6f68dc9
F-function F0 F1
input 9a14af01 d5e856d3
round key 17f68fde f6c360a9
after key add 8de220df 232b367a
after S 6666bff2 b383a1bd
after M 7ae08a5d 662b2c4d
Round 22 input e2482f64 d5e856d3 80dda184 9a14af01
F-function F0 F1
input e2482f64 80dda184
round key 6288bc72 c0ad856b
after key add 80c09316 407024ef
after S cdb5f1e5 fbe99290
after M 3d9dac60 108259db
output e2482f64 e875fab3 80dda184 8a96f6da final whitening key 77777777 77777777 after whitening e2482f64 9f028dc4 80dda184 fde181ad ciphertext e2482f64 9f028dc4 80dda184 fde181ad
256-bit key:
key ffeeddcc bbaa9988 77665544 33221100
f0e0d0c0 b0a09080 70605040 30201000
plaintext 00010203 04050607 08090a0b 0c0d0e0f ciphertext a1397814 289de80c 10da46d1 fa48b38a
LL 477e8f09 66ee5378 2cc2be04 bf55e28f LR d6c10b89 4eeab575 84bd5663 cc933940
WK_{0,1,2,3} 0f0e0d0c 0b0a0908 07060504 03020100 RK_{0,1,2,3} 58f02029 15413cd0 1b0c41a4 e4bacd0f RK_{4,5,6,7} 6c498393 8846231b 1fc716fc 7c81a45b RK_{8,9,10,11} fa37c259 0e3da2ee aacf9abb 8ec0aad9 RK_{12,13,14,15} b05bd737 8de1f2d0 8ffee0f6 b70b47ea RK_{16,17,18,19} 581b3e34 03263f89 2f7100cd 05cee171 RK_{20,21,22,23} b523d4e9 176d7c44 6d7ba5d7 f797b2f3 RK_{24,25,26,27} 25d80df2 a646bba2 6a3a95e1 3e3a47f0 RK_{28,29,30,31} b304eb20 44f8824e c7557cbc 47401e21 RK_{32,33,34,35} d71ff7e9 aca1fb0c 2deff35d 6ca3a830 RK_{36,37,38,39} 4dd7cfb7 ae71c9f6 4e911fef 90aa95de RK_{40,41,42,43} 2c664a7a 8cb5cf6b 14c8de1e 43b9caef RK_{44,45,46,47} 568c5a33 07ef7ddd 608dc860 ac9e50f8 RK_{48,49,50,51} c0c18358 4f53c80e 33e01cb9 80251e1c
plaintext 00010203 04050607 08090a0b 0c0d0e0f initial whitening key 0f0e0d0c 0b0a0908 after whitening 00010203 0b0b0b0b 08090a0b 07070707
Round 1 input 00010203 0b0b0b0b 08090a0b 07070707
F-function F0 F1
input 00010203 08090a0b
round key 58f02029 15413cd0
after key add 58f1222a 1d4836db
after S 4ee41927 2c78a1ac
after M 2db2101b d87ee718
Round 2 input 26b91b10 08090a0b df79e01f 00010203
F-function F0 F1
input 26b91b10 df79e01f
round key 1b0c41a4 e4bacd0f
after key add 3db55ab4 3bc32d10
after S aa5afadb 0f1e1928
after M 317e029c c0cc96ba
Round 3 input 39770897 df79e01f c0cd94b9 26b91b10
F-function F0 F1
input 39770897 c0cd94b9
round key 6c498393 8846231b
after key add 553e8b04 488bb7a2
after S 5487484e d84876a0
after M c3a7ac1d 7ae05884
Round 4 input 1cde4c02 c0cd94b9 5c594394 39770897
F-function F0 F1
input 1cde4c02 5c594394
round key 1fc716fc 7c81a45b
after key add 03195afe 20d8e7cf
after S c607fa95 12f002c9
after M 5edee0ce 4cfb0e90
Round 5 input 9e137477 5c594394 758c0607 1cde4c02
F-function F0 F1
input 9e137477 758c0607
round key fa37c259 0e3da2ee
after key add 6424b62e 7bb1a4e9
after S 4592c8d2 46f3a044
after M adfd33ae 42450650
Round 6 input f1a4703a 758c0607 5e9b4a52 9e137477
F-function F0 F1
input f1a4703a 5e9b4a52
round key aacf9abb 8ec0aad9
after key add 5b6bea81 d05be08b
after S 22285e04 f822d448
after M 0fa52ed4 aa7a0a9c
Round 7 input 7a2928d3 5e9b4a52 34697eeb f1a4703a
F-function F0 F1
input 7a2928d3 34697eeb
round key b05bd737 8de1f2d0
after key add ca72ffe4 b9888c3b
after S 23ed8e68 172b59c0
after M 8b158630 334e2af2
Round 8 input d58ecc62 34697eeb c2ea5ac8 7a2928d3
F-function F0 F1
input d58ecc62 c2ea5ac8
round key 8ffee0f6 b70b47ea
after key add 5a702c94 75e11d22
after S facf9d64 586f2c19
after M 72c2027e a582d5f0
Round 9 input 46ab7c95 c2ea5ac8 dfabfd23 d58ecc62
F-function F0 F1
input 46ab7c95 dfabfd23
round key 581b3e34 03263f89
after key add 1eb042a1 dc8dc2aa
after S 177afd6a 57664735
after M 51d5740a 110287d7
Round 10 input 933f2ec2 dfabfd23 c48c4bb5 46ab7c95
F-function F0 F1
input 933f2ec2 c48c4bb5
round key 2f7100cd 05cee171
after key add bc4e2e0f c142aac4
after S e0434cd9 22fd2380
after M a768d32a b6ae4f2b
Round 11 input 78c32e09 c48c4bb5 f00533be 933f2ec2
F-function F0 F1
input 78c32e09 f00533be
round key b523d4e9 176d7c44
after key add cde0fae0 e7684ffa
after S 3fd410d4 02ef5310
after M 08bd9b01 2fdb3f65
Round 12 input cc31d0b4 f00533be bce411a7 78c32e09
F-function F0 F1
input cc31d0b4 bce411a7
round key 6d7ba5d7 f797b2f3
after key add a14a7563 4b73a354
after S 1b512562 c94a71eb
after M 7c2c762b 81ca0b59
Round 13 input 8c294595 bce411a7 f9092550 cc31d0b4
F-function F0 F1
input 8c294595 f9092550
round key 25d80df2 a646bba2
after key add a9f14867 5f4f9ef2
after S 93e47852 5c26cae5
after M 4a87c858 54bc68d5
Round 14 input f663d9ff f9092550 988db861 8c294595
F-function F0 F1
input f663d9ff 988db861
round key 6a3a95e1 3e3a47f0
after key add 9c594c1e a6b7ff91
after S 58ff39b0 054d1d75
after M d82301d4 085d5025
Round 15 input 212a2484 988db861 847415b0 f663d9ff
F-function F0 F1
input 212a2484 847415b0
round key b304eb20 44f8824e
after key add 922ecfa4 c08c97fe
after S 86d2c9a0 b5ff567d
after M dbf56073 87e2a6a2
Round 16 input 4378d812 847415b0 71817f5d 212a2484
F-function F0 F1
input 4378d812 71817f5d
round key c7557cbc 47401e21
after key add 842da4ae 36c1617c
after S 9e19b889 a10c5414
after M 6791a3e3 e177d3a8
Round 17 input e3e5b653 71817f5d c05df72c 4378d812
F-function F0 F1
input e3e5b653 c05df72c
round key d71ff7e9 aca1fb0c
after key add 34fa41ba 6cfc0c20
after S d4e1be2d 32bc13bf
after M 2743ef2d 6fec0aab
Round 18 input 56c29070 c05df72c 2c94d2b9 e3e5b653
F-function F0 F1
input 56c29070 2c94d2b9
round key 2deff35d 6ca3a830
after key add 7b2d632d 40377a89
after S 56193719 fb13c1b7
after M ee6316fa 5e3245b7
Round 19 input 2e3ee1d6 2c94d2b9 bdd7f3e4 56c29070
F-function F0 F1
input 2e3ee1d6 bdd7f3e4
round key 4dd7cfb7 ae71c9f6
after key add 63e92e61 13a63a12
after S 373c4c54 8fe6c54b
after M 87aab08e 8f8d16f3
Round 20 input ab3e6237 bdd7f3e4 d94f8683 2e3ee1d6
F-function F0 F1
input ab3e6237 d94f8683
round key 4e911fef 90aa95de
after key add e5af7dd8 49e5135d
after S f6ad88be 65f68f77
after M 0889df33 f418c84f
Round 21 input b55e2cd7 d94f8683 da262999 ab3e6237
F-function F0 F1
input b55e2cd7 da262999
round key 2c664a7a 8cb5cf6b
after key add 993866ad 5693e6f2
after S 2c2b6cee 0df150e5
after M 8999e772 da5415d2
Round 22 input 50d661f1 da262999 716a77e5 b55e2cd7
F-function F0 F1
input 50d661f1 716a77e5
round key 14c8de1e 43b9caef
after key add 441ebfef 32d3bd0a
after S 12b052ac c7bbb182
after M f5efd89e 744a9ced
Round 23 input 2fc9f107 716a77e5 c114b03a 50d661f1
F-function F0 F1
input 2fc9f107 c114b03a
round key 568c5a33 07ef7ddd
after key add 7945ab34 c6fbcde7
after S a2a77e2a 4cd7e238
after M e84f6d9b ce67e20a
Round 24 input 99251a7e c114b03a 9eb183fb 2fc9f107
F-function F0 F1
input 99251a7e 9eb183fb
round key 608dc860 ac9e50f8
after key add f9a8d21e 322fd303
after S f84572b0 c7d8f1c6
after M 20634b77 591b3f55
Round 25 input e177fb4d 9eb183fb 76d2ce52 99251a7e
F-function F0 F1
input e177fb4d 76d2ce52
round key c0c18358 4f53c80e
after key add 21b67815 3981065c
after S a14dd39c c8e20aa5
after M 3f88fbef 89ff5caf
Round 26 input a1397814 76d2ce52 10da46d1 e177fb4d
F-function F0 F1
input a1397814 10da46d1
round key 33e01cb9 80251e1c
after key add 92d964ad 90ff58cd
after S 864445ee 9a8e803f
after M 5949235a 183d49c7
output a1397814 2f9bed08 10da46d1 f94ab28a final whitening key 07060504 03020100 after whitening a1397814 289de80c 10da46d1 fa48b38a ciphertext a1397814 289de80c 10da46d1 fa48b38a
Authors' Addresses
Masanobu Katagi System Technologies Laboratories Sony Corporation 5-1-12 Kitashinagawa Shinagawa-ku Tokyo, 141-0001, Japan
EMail: [email protected]
Shiho Moriai System Technologies Laboratories Sony Corporation 5-1-12 Kitashinagawa Shinagawa-ku Tokyo, 141-0001, Japan
Phone: +81-3-5448-3701 EMail: [email protected]
